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Reading IV of XII · Act 28 of 2019

Act No.
XXVIII
of MMXIX

॥ यूएपीए संशोधन ॥

The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Amendment Act, 2019 UAPA (Amendment) Act

— Penal · in force since 14 Aug 2019 —

MHA File
28
2019
in force
Why this Act matters

Empowered the Centre to designate individuals — not just organisations — as terrorists. Statistics on use remain scattered.

LS · 287-8 RS · 147-42 committee · none

Indicator Stamps

Built 15 May 2026
days · intro to assent
31
legislative velocity
debate hours · both Houses
≈ 10
floor time
Rajya Sabha vote
147/42
aye · 78%
Lok Sabha vote
287/8
aye · 97%
committee referral
none
pre-enactment scrutiny
current status
in force
record state

The amendment changed the legal object from the banned organisation to the named person.

Editorial reading

Lifecycle · Act 28 of 2019

— first reading to living record —
Date-scaled lifecycle timeline from 2019 to 2026 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 Bill tabled · LS Act in force — living record —

The Government argued that terrorism no longer moved only through organisations. It moved through individuals, fronts, aliases, and networks. If the law could ban a group, it should also be able to name the person who sustains that group.

The anxiety was equally direct: designation without a prior conviction can operate as punishment before trial. The amendment moved UAPA’s stigma from organisations to named individuals and expanded the Centre’s power to publish that designation in the Fourth Schedule.

The Bill passed both Houses with recorded divisions and no committee referral. Opposition criticism focused less on anti-terror policy as such, and more on process, review, and the danger of branding dissent.

HouseDateAyeNoAbsHours
Rajya Sabha2 Aug 2019147420≈ 6
Lok Sabha24 Jul 201928780≈ 4

The amendment changed the legal object from the banned organisation to the named person.

Editorial reading
  1. Individual designation. The central government may designate an individual as a terrorist and add the name to the Fourth Schedule.
  2. Review route. A designated person may apply for de-notification; rejection can be reviewed by a committee.
  3. NIA property approval. For NIA cases, approval for seizure of proceeds may come from the Director General of NIA.
  4. Investigating rank. NIA officers of Inspector rank and above may investigate UAPA offences.
  5. International alignment. The Government framed the move as harmonisation with UN Security Council listing practice.
  • 8 Aug 2019President gave assent to the Amendment Act.
  • 4 Sep 2019First individual designations under the amended UAPA were notified.
  • 1 Jan 2020Use of UAPA in protest, student, and civil-society cases became a recurring national controversy.
  • 1 Feb 2021Delhi High Court and Supreme Court bail jurisprudence began testing the statute's threshold.
  • 1 Jan 2023Challenges to the individual-designation scheme remained pending.
what we still do not know

The public record does not maintain an easy dashboard of individual designations, review outcomes, time to de-notification, and acquittal or conviction status.

In Support

Supporters read the amendment as a necessary response to networked terrorism and proxy organisations.

Support reading

In Critique

Critics read it as reputational punishment without a criminal conviction, with review safeguards too weak to cure the harm.

Critique reading

UAPA already had unusually harsh bail consequences. The 2019 amendment added a naming power. The practical question became whether the designation list would remain a security instrument or become a public blacklist.

  • Brief PRS — UAPA Amendment Bill, 2019
  • Statute UAPA, 1967 as amended link pending
  • Data NCRB terrorism and UAPA tables link pending
  • Case Bail under UAPA after Watali link pending
  • Note Fourth Schedule individual designations link pending
  • Debate Rajya Sabha division on 2 August 2019 link pending