from bill to act · since 1952
॥ भारतीय संसद का स्पंदन ॥
— the state machine of the Indian Parliament: how politics becomes law —
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laws have been written by the Indian Parliament. 1,486 later repealed; 612 lapsed before passage. The country is the residue.
acts remain on the books today. The oldest in force was the Indian Penal Code of 1860 — replaced last summer.
— the median hours of debate per bill in the seventeenth Lok Sabha. 35% of its laws were passed in under sixty minutes.
days. The longest internet shutdown imposed in any democracy. Imposed in the Valley on the morning the Reorganisation Act was tabled.
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→ from introduction to law
The funnel narrows almost entirely between Stage 1 and Stage 2 — private members' bills practically never pass. Once the government tables, the process is overwhelmingly an assembly line: LS → RS → assent, in days. The filter is at the door, not at the floor.
Two Union Territories where there had been one State. Article 370 read down the same morning.
Faith-tested route to citizenship. Notified 4 yrs and 3 mo after assent.
Made instant triple talaq a criminal offence — three years' imprisonment. Two years after Shayara Bano civilly voided it.
Empowered the Centre to designate individuals — not just organisations — as terrorists. Statistics on use remain scattered.
Twenty-nine labour laws collapsed into four. Passed in 2020; brought into force nationally on 21 Nov 2025.
Passed by voice vote. Repealed thirteen months later after the longest farmer protest in Indian parliamentary memory.
Six years after Puttaswamy. The Act is now in phased force; core compliance obligations run into 2027.
One-third of seats reserved for women. In force from 16 Apr 2026, but operative after census-linked delimitation.
Gave the Centre control over the tenure and salaries of Information Commissioners.
Replaced the IPC, CrPC, and Evidence Act. Indian criminal law recodified in a single winter session.
Replaced the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885. Codifies authorisation, interception, shutdown, and spectrum allocation powers.
Replaced the SC-mandated PM + LoP + CJI panel with PM + LoP + a Cabinet Minister.
— this term, in one line —
"The seventeenth Lok Sabha is the fastest-legislating chamber India has had — measured by minutes-of-debate per law passed. By that same measure, it is the chamber least like the one Article 79 of the Constitution imagined."