in session · 18th LS
plate I · vol. lxxiv · bharat gazette · serial 17/2024/A day 23 of monsoon session 04 bills introduced today 02 awaiting rajya sabha last assent 09 may 2026 · telecommunications (amdt.) oldest pending bill · 2,847 days · marriage laws amdt., 2018 active acts · 3,050 17th LS median debate · 1.6 hrs / bill impressed · ★ 3,847 plate I · vol. lxxiv · bharat gazette · serial 17/2024/A day 23 of monsoon session 04 bills introduced today 02 awaiting rajya sabha last assent 09 may 2026 · telecommunications (amdt.) oldest pending bill · 2,847 days · marriage laws amdt., 2018 active acts · 3,050 17th LS median debate · 1.6 hrs / bill impressed · ★ 3,847
Reg. No.
DL—33004
Estd. 1952
I Plate of
XVIII
Vol. LXXIV

from bill to act · since 1952

॥ भारतीय संसद का स्पंदन ॥

THE PULSE

— the state machine of the Indian Parliament: how politics becomes law —

❦   ✦   ❦

since 1952 through 18 Lok Sabhas and counting
XVII

सत्रहवीं लोक सभा · मोदी द्वितीय

The Seventeenth Lok Sabha.

term
17 Jun '19 — 4 Jun '24
referred
16 %
median debate
1.6 H
Dossier
17/24
Modi II

→ from introduction to law

The Funnel · selected term

≈ 1,694 BILLS INTRODUCED 259 GOVT BILLS · 15.3 % 222 PASSED LS · 13.1 % 221 PASSED RS · 13.0 % 221 ★ ASSENT · 13.0 % i. ii. iii. iv. v. law

The funnel narrows almost entirely between Stage 1 and Stage 2 — private members' bills practically never pass. Once the government tables, the process is overwhelmingly an assembly line: LS → RS → assent, in days. The filter is at the door, not at the floor.

days · intro → assent
261
avg · LS-17 · −42 % vs LS-15
median debate / bill
1.6hrs
35 % passed in < 1 hr
referred to committee
16%
vs LS-15 average · 71 %
passed by voice vote
61%
no division recorded
opposition expulsions
146
winter 2023 · record
acts repealed
3
three farm laws · Nov '21

The Twelve Readings

12 readings · 209 awaiting catalog
Federalism · I A 34/19
J&K LADAKH

The J&K Reorganisation Act

जम्मू-कश्मीर पुनर्गठन

Two Union Territories where there had been one State. Article 370 read down the same morning.

RS · 125-61 LS · 370-70 committee · none SC ✓ '23
Citizenship · II A 47/19

Citizenship (Amendment) Act

नागरिकता संशोधन

Faith-tested route to citizenship. Notified 4 yrs and 3 mo after assent.

LS · 311-80 RS · 125-105 committee · none rules '24
Family · III A 20/19
3 ×

Muslim Women (Marriage Rights) Act

तीन तलाक

Made instant triple talaq a criminal offence — three years' imprisonment. Two years after Shayara Bano civilly voided it.

LS · 303-82 RS · 99-84 committee · none
Penal · IV A 28/19

UAPA (Amendment) Act

यूएपीए संशोधन

Empowered the Centre to designate individuals — not just organisations — as terrorists. Statistics on use remain scattered.

LS · 287-8 RS · 147-42 committee · none
Welfare · V A 35/20
29 → 4

The Four Labour Codes

श्रम संहिताएं

Twenty-nine labour laws collapsed into four. Passed in 2020; brought into force nationally on 21 Nov 2025.

29 laws · 4 codes committee · 3 of 4 in force '25
Economy · VI A 22/20

The Three Farm Laws & Repeal

कृषि कानून · निरस्त

Passed by voice vote. Repealed thirteen months later after the longest farmer protest in Indian parliamentary memory.

passed · voice protest · 379 d repealed
Tech · VII A 22/23
DPDP

Digital Personal Data Protection Act

डेटा सुरक्षा

Six years after Puttaswamy. The Act is now in phased force; core compliance obligations run into 2027.

passed · voice rules '25 phased force
Electoral · VIII A 106/23

106th Amdt. — Women's Reservation

नारी शक्ति वंदन

One-third of seats reserved for women. In force from 16 Apr 2026, but operative after census-linked delimitation.

LS · 454-2 RS · 214-0 operative tbd
Rights · IX A 24/19
RTI

RTI (Amendment) Act

सूचना अधिकार · संशोधन

Gave the Centre control over the tenure and salaries of Information Commissioners.

RS · 117-75 committee · none tenure by rule
Penal · X A 45/23
1860 2024

BNS · BNSS · BSA — the Three Codes

भारतीय न्याय संहिता

Replaced the IPC, CrPC, and Evidence Act. Indian criminal law recodified in a single winter session.

passed · voice committee · yes 146 MPs suspended
Tech · XI A 44/23

Telecommunications Act

दूरसंचार

Replaced the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885. Codifies authorisation, interception, shutdown, and spectrum allocation powers.

passed · voice committee · none spectrum
Electoral · XII A 49/23
CEC

CEC and Other ECs Appointment Act

मुख्य चुनाव आयुक्त

Replaced the SC-mandated PM + LoP + CJI panel with PM + LoP + a Cabinet Minister.

passed · voice SC challenge CJI · removed

— this term, in one line —

"The seventeenth Lok Sabha is the fastest-legislating chamber India has had — measured by minutes-of-debate per law passed. By that same measure, it is the chamber least like the one Article 79 of the Constitution imagined."